1. Kev tsom xam ntawm kev vuam
1.1 hlau arc vuam (smaw)
Lub ntsiab lus :
Los ntawm txhais tes hlau arc vuam (smws), tseem hu ua "pas arc vuam", yog ib qho arc tsim ntawm cov hluav taws xob muaj txiaj ntsig nrog flux thiab lub hauv paus hlau. Flux decomposes rau hauv cov kev tiv thaiv roj (boos) thiab slag, tiv thaiv lub pas dej weld los ntawm cov pa hluav taws xob (piv txwv li cov pa, nitrogen).
Yam uas pab :
Versatility: Haum rau kev siv cov pa roj carbon hlau, hlau steel, hlau hlau thiab cam khwb cia hlau.
Kev xeem: Tsis muaj sab nraud pa roj yuav tsum tau, zoo rau kev kho chaw taws teeb.
Kev tswj kev nkag: Kho cov kaum sab xis (piv txwv 70 ° Qiv lub kaum sab xis rau kev nkag mus tob).
Dagracks thiab mitigations :
Porosity(Roj Terrapment):
Kev kom: Flux muaj noo noo los yog cov khoom siv hauv paus yog qhov tsis huv.
Cov kev ceev faj: Ci cov electrodes ntawm 250 ° C (482 ° F) rau 1 teev ua ntej siv.
Swb slag inclusus :
Kev kom: Tsis tiav kev tshem tawm slag ntawm kev hla.
Cov kev ceev faj: Siv Jack Rauj thiab hlau txhuam tom qab txhua lub tsho loj.
1.2 Roj Hlau Arc Vuam (Gmaw \/ Mig)
Lub ntsiab lus :
Cov thaiv cov roj av thaiv arc vuam (gmaw) siv cov xaim hlau txuas ntxiv, pub los ntawm kev ua haujlwm roj (argon \/ helium) lossis reasive roj (carbon dioxide). Lub arc melts xaim thiab cov niam txiv cov khoom siv, tsim cov fusion weld.
Yam uas pab :
Tus Nqi Tso Cai Loj: Txog 12 kg \/ teev, zoo tagnrho rau kev tsim ceev nrawm ntawm chaw khaws khoom.
Tsawg nti: tiav nrog pulseed Mig (piv txwv li 200 HZ Pulse zaus).
Dagracks thiab mitigations :
Hlawv los ntawm(tshav kub ntau dhau):
Kev kom: Voltage dhau lawm lossis nyias cam (<3 mm) traveling too slowly.
Cov kev ceev faj: Siv {0. 8 hli ineter hlau, 18-22 v, 150-180 A.
Tsis muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke :
Kev kom: Phom tsis raug lub kaum los tsis txaus.
Kev tiv thaiv: Tswj 15 ° Thrust kaum sab xis thiab nce tam sim no los ntawm 10%.
1.3 flux-cored arc vuam (FCAW)
Lub ntsiab lus :
FCAW siv cov kav hlau ntoo Muaj ob txoj kev xaiv:
Tus kheej tiv thaiv fcaw: Tsis tas yuav muaj roj sab nraud (piv txwv li, e71t {1}}} vuam xaim rau sab nraum zoov siv).
Fcaw: Siv ntxiv CO2 (piv txwv li e70t -1} rau tuab phaj).
Yam uas pab :
Cua Kuj: Cov hlau thaiv tus kheej tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cua ntawm 15 mph, ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau cov nkoj gantry cranes.
Siab efficiency: Tso nyiaj ceev yog 25% sai dua smaw.
Dagracks thiab mitigations :
Tawg pleb(hydrogen induced):
Kev kom: Flux muaj noo noo los yog sulfur cov ntsiab lus hauv cov hlau yog siab dhau.
Kev tiv thaiv : For steel thickness >30 hli, preheat rau 150 ° C (302 ° F).
Cov pa luam yeeb ntau dhau :
Me quav: Nruab ib lub fume extractor nrog lub airflow ntawm 1000 CFM.
1.4 submerged arc vuam (pom)
Lub ntsiab lus :
Submerged Arc Vuam Generates Generates ANCE daim pam ntawm Granular Flux (piv txwv li Sio₂ + MNO). Flux melts rau hauv slag thiab zoo ntshav, ua tiav kev nkag sib sib zog nqus (txog li 25 hli hauv ib pass).
Yam uas pab :
Automation compatibility: Robotic pom cov tshuab tuaj yeem ua tiav 99% rov ua dua rau cov yeeb nkab girth.
Tsawg UV hluav taws xob: Flux txheej minimizes tus neeg teb xov tooj luam tau.
Dagracks thiab mitigations :
Undercut(Groove raws weld ntiv taw):
Kev kom: Cov voltage yog dhau los lossis tsav tsheb nrawm nrawm heev.
Kev tiv thaiv: Rau 15 hli steel, kho cov ntsuas kom 28-32 v thiab 400-500 A.
Flux ntes :
Me quav: Gr zom cov sib koom ua ke rau 60 ° BATEL los xyuas kom meej flux ntws.
2. Cov kev faib tawm ntawm cov pob qij txha sib tsoo thiab cov chaw vuam
2.1 Vuam Hom
Taub Pob Sib Koom Tes :
Zaj piav: Txuas ob tus tswv cuab uas ua raws li tib lub dav hlau.
daim ntawv thov :
Tag nrho nkag mus rau zuaj zeem muag vuam: Siv tau rau thauj-cov kabmob nqaj (AWS D1.1, CJ-P Groove).
Ib nrab rau kev nkag: Tsis yog-tseem ceeb sib txuas nyob rau hauv warehouse ru tsev purlins.
Ntxhuav pob qij txha :
Zaj piav: Cov paib overlapping welded raws lawv cov npoo.
daim ntawv thov :
Fillet Welds: Ntawv hlau cladding hauv lub hoobkas (ceg loj ≥ 4 hli).
Lub Slot Welds: Txhawb ntxiv cov cheeb tsam overlapping ntawm rooj sib tw.
T-Txuas :
Zaj piav: Ob nplooj ntawv ntawm cov hlau txuas ntawm 90 ° los ua ib qho "T" duab.
daim ntawv thov :
Cov Qauv Qauv Qauv: Ob chav Fillet Wels, av qeeg tiv thaiv.
Nkhaus: Sib tw vuam mus rau kev deformation.
Kaum pob qij txha :
Zaj piav: Lub kaum sab nrauv sab nrauv yog tsim thaum cov phaj sib ntsib ntawm lub kaum (feem ntau 90 °).
daim ntawv thov :
Lub qhov rais thav duab: Welded tsis tu ncua, huab cua.
Hniav Kom Zoo Nkauj Ntug: polished du kom tau raws li lub tsev ua kom loog.
2.2 txoj hauj lwm vuam
Kaw txoj hauj lwm (1G \/ 1f) :
Zaj piav: Vuam ua rau sab saum toj ntawm kab kab rov tav.
Kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws :
Siv pom los daws cov pob qij txha ntev hauv cov plag tsev ua si.
Txoj kev taug kev mus ncig yog qhov zoo rau 40 cm \/ min kom tau txais lub ntsej muag zoo sib xws.
Kab rov tav chaw (2G \/ 2F) :
Zaj piav: Tus weld axis yog kab rov tav ntawm ib ntsug saum npoo.
cav :
Kev tswj cov ntsej muag: Tilt lub electrode upwards upwards los ntawm 10 ° kom tiv thaiv slag poob.
Kev nkag siab: 15% Ntau tam sim no piv rau txoj haujlwm tiaj tus.
Ntsug txoj haujlwm (3G \/ 3f) :
Zaj piav: Tus weld axis yog ntsug.
tej txuj ci tshiab :
Upshill vuam: Haum rau cov ntaub ntawv tuab (piv txwv li 20 hli steel kab).
Downhill vuam: Daim hlau nyias nyias (≤6 MM) siv Smig E6013 electrodes.
Overhead Txoj Haujlwm (4G \/ 4F) :
Zaj piav: Vuam ua los ntawm hauv qab no sib koom ua ke.
Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Ruaj Ntseg :
Siv FCAW nrog cov hlau thaiv tus kheej kom tsis txhob muaj roj diffusion.
Welders yuav tsum hnav cov nplaim hluavtaws tua lub kaus mom thiab hnab looj tes.
3. Cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws vuam cov txheej txheem, tswj hwm kom zoo thiab ua raws
3.1 kauj ruam los ntawm cov kauj ruam vuam vuam
Kev sib koom ua :
Xaiv lub zeem muag hom (v, u lossis j) raws li cov ntaub tuab (piv txwv li v zawj rau {{mm hlau).
Ntaub Ntawv Npaj :
Tshem tawm cov nplai los ntawm sandblasting (sa 2.5 kev nyiam huv).
For steels with CE >{{0 {0}}. 45, Preheat rau 95 ° F) (CR 1 {} ({}} (ni + cu) \/ 15)).
Parameter chaw :
Gmaw: 1.2 hli er70s {3}} xaim xaim, 85% AR \/ 15% CAT2 roj, 24 V, 200 A.
Txiav ntoo: 4. {{{{0 hli xaim em12k, mf {{{}}}} {} ib, ceev 50 cm \/ min.
tej txuj ci tshiab :
Braid Dav ≤ 3x hluav taws xob ntawm lub taub kom ua tiav cov kev faib tawm niaj hnub no.
Tus interlayer kub yog ≤ 250 ° C kom tsis txhob muaj hydrogen cracking.
1. Relieves ntxhov siab :
Thaum tshav kub kub txog 595-675 ° C (1100-1250 ° F) rau 1 teev ib 25 hli tuab.
Nto Kho :
Zuaj lub weld ntiv taw rau 0. 5 mm vojvoog kom txo cov kev ntxhov siab.
3.2 Cov Qauv Kev Soj Ntsuam Zoo Kom Siv Rau Vuam Ntawm Cov Qauv Hlau
Tejfov zoo soj ntsuam
1. Nto Qhov Tsis Txaus Ntseeg ntawm Weld Seam:
Qhov saum npoo ntawm Weld Seam yuav tsum tsis muaj qhov tsis xws luag xws li cov kab nrib pleb, Weld hlaws, Welrd, thiab arc pits. Lub undercut tob yuav tsum tsis txhob tshaj 0. 5 hli. Rau cov tswv cuab tensile, ntev ntev ntawm undercut yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 100mm, thiab qhov kev ncua ntev yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 10% ntawm Weld ntev. Qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau qhov tob ntawm cov neeg uas cov neeg muaj qhov sib cuam tshuam, tab sis kuj tseem muaj kev txwv rau ntawm qhov ntev.
2. Weld Allowance Qhov Siab:
Rau pob tw khawm welds, thaum lub weld dav yog tsawg dua 2 0 mm, cov nyiaj tso tawm qhov siab los ntawm {5}}. 52 txog 5 hli. Thaum lub weld dav yog loj dua los yog sib npaug rau 2 {{1 {{{}} mm, qhov siab siab yog 0.5 hli. Weld Toe Qhov ntev ntawm Fillet Welds yuav tsum ua raws cov qauv yuav tsum tau ua, nrog kev kov yeej tau rau {}}. 0mm thiab 1.0mm.
Kev Soj Ntsuam Zoo Tshaj
1. Ultrasonic qhov khuam nrhiav kom tau:
Raws li ntau hom qauv steel thiab qauv yuav tsum tau ua, qhov ua kom pom tseeb tau sib faib tau muab faib ua 100% thiab qhov tsis pom tseeb hauv zos. Rau cov ntawv qhia qib qib qib ib, 100% qhov khuam kom paub txog, thiab cov kev ntsuas yuav tsum tsis qis dua qib II. Rau cov qib ob, kev sib npaug ntawm qhov khuam kom paub yog 20%, thiab cov kev ntsuas yuav tsum tsis qis dua qib III. Thaum lub sij hawm ua kom pom tseeb, qhov mob hnyav ntawm qhov tsis xws luag yog txiav txim siab raws cov tsis muaj xws li qhov dav dav thiab txoj haujlwm ntawm cov nthwv dej ntawm qhov tsis xws luag.
2. Radnegraphic Xeem:
Qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm scorgraphic xeem kuj tau txiav txim siab raws li qib Weld. 100% ntawm cov chav kawm ua ntej hauv chav kawm yog kuaj. 2. Qhov ntsuas kev ntsuas tsis zoo yuav tsum tsis qis dua qib II. Qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm theem ob weld Qhov nrhiav tau yog 20%, thiab qib kev ntsuas tsis zoo tsis qis dua qib ib. Xov Tooj Cua tsis pom kev xws li pores, slag inclusions, thiab tsis tiav nkag los ntawm cov duab ntawm zaj duab xis.
3.3 Kev Tsim Kho Kev Tsim Kho
1. Kev Tshuaj Ntsuam Xyuas Cov Ntsiab Lus: Kev ntsuas vuam ua rau muaj kev ntsuas vuam, thiab lwm yam khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv cua sov thiab ua kom zoo nkauj
2. Cov cuab yeej cuab yeej khoom ntiag tug: Thaum lub zog tensile, lub zog tensile ntawm welded sib koom tes yuav tsum tsis txhob txo qis tus nqi teev nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem khoom; Thaum muaj cov ntawv xeem, tom qab cov hnoos qeev yog khoov rau lub kaum sab xis, yuav tsum tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ntev dua 3 metre ntawm weld leeg thiab lub tshav kub-cuam tshuam cheeb tsam ntawm kos cov npoo. Qhov kev cuam tshuam xeem txiav txim siab qhov ntsuas kub thiab cuam tshuam cov ntsuas hluav taws xob raws li cov qauv tsim. Feem ntau, muaj cov kev xav tau ntawm cov lej hais txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm chav dej, thiab tseem muaj cov qauv ntsuas kub ntawm cov qib kev sib txawv ntawm cov qib sib txawv thiab cov kev siv tsim qauv.
4. Daim Ntawv Thov Vuam Tshuab Hauv Kev Lag Luam Steel Tsim Vaj Tse
Cov tsev tsim qauv hlau tau dhau los ua lub hauv paus ntawm kev tsim kho niaj hnub vim lawv qhov kev ua tau zoo, kev ua tau zoo, thiab kev yoog tau. Ntawm cov no, steel tais mis steel thiab nqaij qaib cov moj khaum (piv txwv li, nqaij qaib tso tawm raws li Prime ua piv txwv ntawm seb cov khoom siv thev naus laus zis ua piv txwv los tsim cov qauv ntev.
4.1 Welded Hlau Ncej System
1. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm vuam hauv cov qauv steel
Vuam kev pab cuam raws li tus qauv sib dhos ntawm cov xim hlau sib dhos, ua kom lub chaw tsim khoom siv uas tiv thaiv hnyav, kev ntxhov siab ib puag ncig, thiab kev siv ntev. Rau cov tsev lag luam xws li cov tsev lag luam thiab cov tsev qaib tsev, vuam ua kom muaj kev ntseeg siab los ntawm:
High-zog koom ua ke:Cov tswv yim xws li cov roj hlau (mig) vuam thiab thaiv hlau arc vuam (smws) tau siv dav rau cov kab hlau fuse hlau, kab, thiab trusses. Cov hau kev no tsim cov pob qij txha sib txuam nrog lub zog ua kom zoo lossis tshaj lub hauv paus hlau, qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhawb nqa loj loj hauv cov tsev rau khoom.
Precision thiab customization:Caw kaw cov tshuab wel
Seamless kev sib xyaw:Vuam ua rau cov sib dhos ntawm prefabricated steel Cheebtsam ntawm-site, txo lub sijhawm kev tsim kho thaum tswj xyuas qhov tseeb.
4.2 Daim Ntawv Thov nyob rau hauv Steel Warehouses
Cov khoom siv hlau tsim muaj peev xwm ntawm cov kabmob hnyav loads los ntawm cov khoom siv khaws cia, tshuab, thiab txawm tias cov khoom siv roftop (piv txwv li, hnub ci panels). Vuam ua rau lawv lub durability nyob rau hauv ob peb txoj kev:
Kuj tau muab cov khoom siv rau cov khoom lag luam tsis tu ncua.
Corrosion Mitigation: Rau cov chaw khaws khoom hauv cov chaw ib puag ncig lossis cov chaw nres nkoj ntug dej hiav txwv nrog cov hlau galvanized lossis huab cua-resistant alloys. Kev kho mob weld, xws li kev tiv thaiv corrosion, ntxiv rau lub neej pabcuam ntxiv.
Modular Intransion: Welded sib txuas tso cai rau cov chaw tsim khoom yooj yim
4.3 Vuam hauv nqaij qaib lub moj khaum
Cov tsev laus, xws li cov nqaij qaib tso, yuav tsum muaj cov qauv nqaij qaib uas ua kom muaj kev phom sij, suav nrog kev yaas, ammonia emissions, thiab cov kev hloov pauv thiab kub thiab kev hloov pauv. Vuam qhov chaw nyob cov kev cov nyom no los ntawm:
Kev Tsim Kho Lub Cim:Kev du, txuas ntxiv welds tshem tawm cov kab mob uas cov kab mob lossis dej noo yuav ua rau muaj kev noj qab haus huv.
Cua sib xyaw ua ke:Welded Steel thav ntawv tau txais kev txhawb nqa pa thiab cov rwb thaiv tsev cov tshuab, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj hwm ruaj khov chaw ib puag ncig.
Lub teeb yuag tseem tsis tau muaj cov trusses ruaj khov:Siv cov hlau nyias ntim hlau hlau welded rau trusses txo cov nqi khoom uas tsis muaj lub zog sib txawv, cov phiaj xwm kev ua liaj ua teb.
Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev nce qib vuam thiab cov ntaub ntawv hlau txo cov nqi txij nkawm thiab kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig. Cov cuab yeej siv steel yog 100% siv dua tshiab, thiab lawv cov cuab yeej siv txuas ntxiv siv sijhawm ntau lub sijhawm. Piv txwv li, ib lub tsev muaj welded zoo welded welded welded tau nyob ntev dua 50 xyoo nrog kev kho tsawg kawg nkaus, muab cov tshuaj tsawg heev rau cov neeg ua liaj ua teb.
